Momentum trading is a popular strategy for forex, stocks and other assets that aims to take advantage of strong price trends. Below we uncover the key definitions and learn about some popular strategies, indicators and software. We also review whether momentum intraday trading works and provide some ideas and tips to boost your education.
Momentum Trading Brokers in Brazil
-
- Demo account
- Min. deposit: $100
- Min. trade: 0.01 Lots
-
- Demo account
- Platforms: MT4, MT5, TradeLocker
- Min. deposit: $50
-
- Demo account
- Regulator: CySEC, FSCA, FSA, ADGM/FRSA
- Min. deposit: $10-$250 (location and tier dependent)
-
- Demo account
- Platforms: MT4, MT5, TradingCentral
- Min. deposit: $5
-
- Demo account
- Min. deposit: $0
- Min. trade: 0.01 Lots
73-89% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs -
- Demo account
- Regulator: FSC
- Min. deposit: $200
Learn how we test brokers and why you can trust our ratings.
This is why we think these brokers are the best in this category in 2026:
- AvaTrade 4.9/5 Established in 2006, AvaTrade is a leading forex and CFD broker trusted by over 400,000 traders. Operating under regulation in 9 jurisdictions, AvaTrade processes an impressive 2+ million trades each month. Through like MT4, MT5, and its proprietary WebTrader, the broker provides a growing selection of 1,250+ instruments. Whether it’s CFDs, AvaOptions, or the more recent AvaFutures, short-term traders at all levels will find opportunities. With terrific education and 24/5 multilingual customer support, AvaTrade delivers the complete trading experience.
- Plexytrade 3.9/5 Established in 2024 and headquartered in Saint Lucia, Plexytrade is an ECN/STP broker. Geared towards active traders, it supports four account options, crypto deposits and withdrawals, plus very high leverage up to 1:2000 made possible by its unregulated status.
- NAGA 4.1/5 NAGA is a German-headquartered social investing platform offering copy trading on thousands of financial markets including CFDs and real stocks. Founded in 2015, the company is publicly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and regulated in the EU, Middle East and globally. The firm offers an all-in-one web platform and mobile app, but traders can also synchronize their NAGA accounts with popular third-party software, including MT4 and MT5.
- XM 4.8/5 XM is a globally recognized forex and CFD broker with 20+ million clients in 190+ countries. Since 2009, this trusted broker has been delivering low trading fees across its growing roster of 1000+ instruments. It also offers a comprehensive MetaTrader experience that we've observed firsthand placing test trades.
- Pepperstone 4.8/5 Established in Australia in 2010, Pepperstone is a top-rated forex and CFD broker with over 830,000 clients worldwide. It offers access to 1,400+ instruments on leading platforms MT4, MT5, cTrader and TradingView, maintaining low, transparent fees. Pepperstone is also regulated by trusted authorities like the FCA, ASIC, and CySEC, helping to ensure a secure environment for day traders at all levels.
- IC Trading 4.2/5 IC Trading is part of the established IC group (including what used to be 'IC Markets'). Built for serious traders, it boasts some of the most competitive spreads, reliable order execution, and advanced trading tools. The catch is that it’s registered in the offshore financial centre of Mauritius, enabling it to offer high leverage but in a weakly regulated trading setting.
Community Sentiment
See how users rate these brokers based on the average customer ratings submitted on DayTrading.com, plus ratings from Trustpilot, the Apple App Store and Google Play.
| Broker | Our Users' Rating | Trustpilot Score | Trustpilot Reviews | iOS App Rating | Android App Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AvaTrade | 13634 | ||||
| Plexytrade | 94 | ||||
| NAGA | - | 4108 | |||
| XM | 3080 | ||||
| Pepperstone | 3716 | ||||
| IC Trading | 607 |
AvaTrade
Celebrating 20 Years in the industry, AvaTrade offers active traders everything they need: an intuitive WebTrader, powerful AvaProtect risk management, a smooth 5-minute sign-up process, and dependable support you can rely on in fast-moving markets.
Jemma Grist, Reviewer
AvaTrade quick facts
- Demo Account
- ✔Yes
- Instruments
- CFDs, Forex, Stocks, Indices, Commodities, ETFs, Bonds, Crypto, Spread Betting, Futures
- Regulator
- ASIC, CySEC, FSCA, ISA, CBI, JFSA, BVI, FSRA/ADGM, AFM, CMA-Kenya, CIRO (via Friedberg Direct)
- Platforms
- WebTrader, AvaTradeGO, AvaOptions, AvaFutures, MT4, MT5, AlgoTrader, TradingView, TradingCentral, DupliTrade
- Minimum Deposit
- $100
- Minimum Trade
- 0.01 Lots
- Account Currencies
- USD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, ZAR
Pros
- The WebTrader excelled in our hands-on tests, sporting a user-friendly interface for beginners, complete with robust charting tools like 6 chart layouts and 60+ technical indicators.
- Support at AvaTrade performed excellently during testing, with response times of 3 minutes and localized support in major trading jurisdictions, including the UK, Europe and the Middle East.
- AvaFutures traders can now use TradingView for 100+ indicators, screeners and a calendar, the sharing of trade ideas, commissions from $0.45, intraday margins from $60, and access to exchanges like CME and EUREX.
Cons
- While signing up is a breeze, AvaTrade lacks an ECN account like Pepperstone or IC Markets, which provides the raw spreads and ultra-fast execution many day traders are looking for.
- AvaTrade’s WebTrader has improved, but work is still needed in terms of customizability – frustratingly widgets like market watch and watchlists can’t be hidden, moved, or resized.
- The AvaSocial app is good but not great – the look and feel, plus the navigation between finding strategy providers and account management needs upgrading to rival category leaders like eToro.
Plexytrade
Plexytrade is a newcomer in the brokerage scene with attention-grabbing features like 1:2000 leverage, zero spreads on select instruments and fast execution speeds of less than 46 milliseconds. However, the absence of regulation is a significant concern, while the non-existent research and educational tools place it far behind industry frontrunners.
Christian Harris, Reviewer
Plexytrade quick facts
- Demo Account
- ✔Yes
- Instruments
- CFDs, Forex, Indices, Stocks, Commodities, Crypto
- Platforms
- MT4, MT5, TradeLocker
- Minimum Deposit
- $50
- Minimum Trade
- 0.01
- Account Currencies
- USD, EUR
Pros
- The choice of accounts provides a solution for various trading styles, with Gold Raw appealing to day traders owing to its spreads from 0.0 pips.
- Plexytrade accommodates a range of trading methods and short-term strategies, including scalping, hedging, and automated trading.
- Sub 50ms execution speeds are fast enough for intraday trading setups.
Cons
- Deposits and withdrawals are exclusively facilitated through cryptocurrencies, as Plexytrade does not support bank cards, bank wire transfers, or e-wallets.
- With around 100 instruments, Plexytrade restricts the flexibility of investors who prefer to trade across various assets, especially compared to Blackbull with its 26,000 securities.
- There are no research and educational materials, falling short of alternatives like IG, while access to the economic calendar is restricted to clients with balances of $500.
NAGA
NAGA is a snug fit for beginners who like to learn by watching others, delivering a more advanced social trading network than the majority of CFD brokers, featuring a leaderboard with top traders by profit and win rate, and a one-tap autocopy function in the platform and app that’s a standout.
Christian Harris, Reviewer
NAGA quick facts
- Demo Account
- ✔Yes
- Instruments
- CFDs on Forex, Indices, Shares, Commodities, Crypto, Real Stocks and Futures
- Regulator
- CySEC, FSCA, FSA, ADGM/FRSA
- Platforms
- NAGA Platform, NAGA App, MT4, MT5, TradingView, TradingCentral
- Minimum Deposit
- $10-$250 (location and tier dependent)
- Minimum Trade
- 0.01 Lots
- Account Currencies
- USD, EUR, GBP, PLN
Pros
- NAGA stands out among social brokers for its wide range of assets, offering over 4,000 tradable options. These include forex pairs, stock, ETF, and index CFDs, commodity CFDs, crypto, and even exchange-traded futures, which are rare for retail clients.
- During testing, we were approved to begin trading very quickly; after we provided our ID and proof of address, approval was granted the next business day, and the onboarding process included a suitability questionnaire — a responsible step that some brokers fail to include.
- The copy-trading feature is the main reason to open a NAGA account, and it’s more advanced than what most CFD brokers offer. You can check a leaderboard of top traders by profit and win rate, then automatically copy their trades in the same app - only eToro offers something similar.
Cons
- The 1:30 leverage limit only applies to clients in the EU (under CySEC) and the GCC (through Abu Dhabi’s ADGM). Clients from LATAM, Asia, and Africa use the Seychelles or FSCA entities, where leverage can go up to 1:1000 and there’s no compensation scheme. This mix of high leverage and little protection is a risk, along with concerns about its suspended Trustpilot score in 2026.
- NAGA’s pricing structure is tough on smaller accounts. There’s only one account type, but it has six tiers based on your deposit. The EUR/USD spread is about 1.7 pips at the Iron tier and drops to a competitive 0.9 pips at Diamond ($50,000 deposit) or 0.7 pips at Crystal ($100,000 deposit).
- There are neither Raw nor ECN accounts available; the only means of securing competitive spreads is to advance through the VIP ladder by making a deposit of five figures, so traders who are sensitive to costs or who trade frequently must commit a large sum.
XM
With a low $5 minimum deposit, advanced charting platforms in MT4 and MT5, expanding range of markets, and a Zero account offering spreads from 0.0, XM provides all the essentials for active traders.
Christian Harris, Reviewer
XM quick facts
- Demo Account
- ✔Yes
- Instruments
- CFDs, Forex, Stocks, Commodities, Indices, Thematic Indices, Precious Metals, Energies
- Regulator
- CySEC, DFSA, FSCA, SCA, FSA, FSC-Belize, FSC-Mauritius, CMA-Kenya, CMA-UAE
- Platforms
- MT4, MT5, TradingCentral
- Minimum Deposit
- $5
- Minimum Trade
- 0.01 Lots
- Account Currencies
- USD, EUR, GBP, JPY, ZAR
Pros
- XM’s Zero account is ideal for day trading with spreads from 0.0 pips, 99.35% of orders executed in <1 second, and no requotes or rejections.
- XM’s growing roster of 1,400+ instruments provides diverse short-term trading opportunities, with unique turbo stocks, fractional shares, and more recently thematic indices.
- XM’s customer support has delivered over years of testing, with 24/7 assistance in 30 languages, response times of under 2 minutes and a growing Telegram channel.
Cons
- XM relies solely on the MetaTrader platforms for desktop trading, so there’s no in-house downloadable solution for a more beginner-friendly user experience with unique features.
- Although trusted and generally well-regulated in some regions, XM also has global entities registered with the weak regulators like FSC (Belize) and FSA (Seychelles), whilst UK clients are no longer accepted, reducing its market reach.
- XM is falling behind the curve by not offering cTrader, which is favored over MetaTrader by some serious traders for its smoother user experience and superior charting package.
Pepperstone
Pepperstone stands out as a top choice for day trading, offering razor-sharp spreads, ultra-fast execution, and advanced charting platforms for experienced traders. New traders are also welcomed with no minimum deposit, extensive educational resources, and exceptional 24/5 support (18h a day on weekends).
Christian Harris, Reviewer
Pepperstone quick facts
- Demo Account
- ✔Yes
- Instruments
- CFDs, Forex, Currency Indices, Stocks, Indices, Commodities, ETFs, Crypto CFDs, Spread Betting
- Regulator
- FCA, ASIC, CySEC, BaFin, DFSA, SCA, SCB, CMA-Kenya
- Platforms
- Pepperstone Trading Platform, MT4, MT5, cTrader, TradingView
- Minimum Deposit
- $0
- Minimum Trade
- 0.01 Lots
- Account Currencies
- USD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, NZD, JPY, CHF, HKD, SGD
Pros
- There’s support for a range of industry-leading charting platforms including MT4, MT5, TradingView, and cTrader, catering to various short-term trading styles, including algo trading.
- Award-winning customer support is available via telephone, email or live chat with response times of <5 minutes during testing and friendly agents knowledgeable about its products and trading tools.
- Pepperstone provides trading in pre-IPO perpetual futures, including adding Anthropic in October 2026, giving traders 24/7 opportunities to speculate on anticipated share prices using cash-settled CFDs.
Cons
- Overnight holding fees are higher than that found with some Market Maker brokers (usually Benchmark + 2.5%). This makes pepperstone an ideal broker for day traders and forex scalpers but less suitable for swing traders who often keep position open overnight.
- Pepperstone has removed support for several tools that elevated the trading experience for active retail traders, notably Autochartist, Capitalise.ai and a free VPS for qualifying traders (now only pro traders in some countries).
- Despite improvements to its range of markets, crypto CFD offerings are still fairly limited compared to other brokers who focus on this area, such as Eightcap, and there's no option to invest in real coins.
IC Trading
With superior execution speeds averaging 40 milliseconds, deep liquidity, and powerful charting software, IC Trading delivers an optimal trading environment tailored for scalpers, day traders, and algorithmic traders.
Christian Harris, Reviewer
IC Trading quick facts
- Demo Account
- ✔Yes
- Instruments
- CFDs, Forex, Stocks, Indices, Commodities, Bonds, Cryptos, Futures
- Regulator
- FSC
- Platforms
- MT4, MT5, cTrader, AutoChartist, TradingCentral
- Minimum Deposit
- $200
- Minimum Trade
- 0.01 Lots
- Account Currencies
- USD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, NZD, JPY, CHF, HKD, SGD
Pros
- Trading Central and Autochartist are valuable tools for in-depth technical summaries and actionable trading ideas and are accessible from within the account area or the cTrader platform.
- IC Trading offers unusual flexibility in its accounts, enabling traders to open up to 10 live and 20 demo accounts, meaning you can run separate profiles for different activities, such as manual trading and algo trading.
- IC Trading provides industry-leading spreads, including 0.0-pip spreads on major currency pairs such as EUR/USD, making it ideal for day traders.
Cons
- Despite being part of the trusted IC group, IC Trading is authorized by a weak regulator - the FSC of Mauritius, with limited financial transparency and regulatory safeguards.
- The educational resources are greatly in need of improvement, unless you navigate to the IC.com website, posing a limitation for beginners in search of a comprehensive learning journey, especially compared to category leaders like eToro.
- Customer support performed poorly during testing with multiple attempts to connect via live chat and no one available to assist, plus unanswered emails, raising concerns about its ability to address urgent trading concerns.
See top brokers for online trading
What Is Momentum Trading?
The definition of momentum is the rate of acceleration of an asset’s price, or, the speed at which the price changes. Momentum day trading is therefore an investment strategy that aims to capitalise on this.
The goal for investors is to react to market information by buying rising securities and selling them when they appear to have reached a peak. This herding strategy follows other participants in the market who seek buying opportunities in short-term uptrends. The trader then sells when momentum drops and repeats the process on the next uptrend.
Momentum trading requires a good level of technical analysis, specifically measuring trends using oscillators and other indicators. These can help analyse the three main factors in trading momentum:
- Volume – This is the number of assets traded in a given time frame (not the number of transactions). Entry and exit points rely on liquidity in the market, which is when there is a high number of buyers and sellers.
- Volatility – Volatility is the level of an asset’s price change. A highly volatile market is characterised by large price swings, whilst low volatility is more stable. Momentum traders take advantage of volatile markets, seeking profits from short-term rises and falls.
- Time Frame – Momentum trading generally works with short-term movements, though trades can be held for a long period of time if the trend is strong. This makes it suitable for both long-term position traders, as well as day traders or scalpers.
Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s look at how to day trade momentum with some examples of popular strategies.
Momentum Trading Strategies
To start trading momentum, you will need to consider the asset that you are interested in. You can trade momentum with any market, including forex, stocks, futures, mutual funds, ETFs, or using options. You can even do high-frequency momentum trading with cryptocurrencies. Since momentum relies on volume, it makes sense to consider more liquid markets, such as EUR/USD, gold or Bitcoin.
You’ll then need to develop a system based on a range of technical indicators and graphical tools. If you’re new to trading, don’t forget to take advantage of your broker’s demo account, where you can practice risk-free on real-time charts.
The momentum indicator is the obvious first choice for most traders. The indicator shows how strong a trend is by comparing the most recent closing price to the previous one. Since it’s an oscillator, it is characterised by a single line that ranges to and from a centre line. The reading shows you how quickly the price is moving.
Let’s take a look at some strategies involving other popular indicators:
Moving Averages (MAs)
Moving averages allow you to identify price trends by filtering out market noise and short-term fluctuations. MA lines can be applied for different periods and can show traders whether a trend is accelerating. When the MAs crossover, this signifies a reversal in the trend.
Note that MAs tend to be lagging indicators, i.e. the signals occur after the price has already moved. It’s also important to combine MAs with other indicators to detect your exit points when momentum trading.
Alternatively, you could analyse the market with a moving average convergence divergence (MACD) to identify the relationship between the two MAs of an asset’s price. It’s also an excellent tool for playing breakouts as they can help to spot a reversal in a trend.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
The RSI provides entry and exit signals based on whether the asset is overbought or oversold. This momentum trading strategy can therefore tell you when to buy and sell, by oscillating between 0 and 100. If it drops below 30, it is thought to be oversold, whilst a reading over 70 is considered overbought.
Momentum traders will look for opportunities within this range as it signifies a clear trend. Note that RSI is most effective when used with other indicators because trends can unexpectedly stay in overbought or oversold territories for long periods of time.
Stochastic Oscillator
This indicator tracks the speed of an underlying market by comparing the most recent closing price to the previous trading range. It’s therefore ideal for predicting price movements. The stochastic oscillator consists of two lines on the chart: the indicator line and the signal line.
The indicator line oscillates between 0 and 100 (with a reading over 80 signifying an overbought market and a reading below 20 representing an oversold market). The signal line will indicate to the trader a potential change in direction if it crosses with the indicator line.
In some cases, the stochastic might not fall back to 20, meaning the trend could continue upwards, despite pullbacks.
Regardless of which set-up you decide to master, proper risk management rules will help to protect your capital and ensure you don’t run into a disaster. It’s worth learning how to calculate your risk per trade and the position size formula before committing any funds.
Your broker might also be able to provide some advice and tips on good forex strategies to use, although PDF downloads and video guides are available from plenty of other sources too.
Momentum Trading Tools
Whether you’re developing your current method or picking up a new one, it could be worth employing some trading tools. These will depend on your own preferences and goals, so take some time to consider what these are before starting.
Automation
Automated tools and software are popular among traders who don’t have as much time to monitor trades throughout the trading day.
Trading bots, for example, are computer algorithm programs based on signals which can determine buy and sell points. Although they don’t suit all momentum trading strategies, they can act as quick market scanners that, when conditions are good, can automatically submit orders on the trader’s behalf.
You can recruit bots for virtually any strategy and algorithm, as they are widely available in most top platforms. The platforms use either proprietary or universal programming languages, such as Python or, in MetaTrader’s case, MQL4 and MQL5.
Such technology has already allowed traders to streamline their trading strategies, though we could see exciting future developments with the wider use of artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Software
The quality of the software you use will have a huge impact on your day-to-day trading models and setups. Once you sign up to a broker, you will usually have a choice of at least two different platforms to choose from.
Think carefully about the features of the platform and what you require to start your momentum trading. The platform should offer a range of technical analysis tools, chart time frames and risk management features. Today, most brokers will also offer a mobile trading app for those who prefer to trade on-the-go.
If you’re an advanced trader, some platforms such as MetaTrader or cTrader allow you to code your own custom bots and indicators, which you can also backtest within the platform. A community forum, economic calendar and help guides can also be useful.
Alerts
Trading alerts are customisable, automatic notifications that trigger when prices move or certain conditions change. They are usually pre-included within your platform and can be sent via email, SMS or push notification.
Alerts are extremely useful tools that ensure that you never miss an opportunity in the markets and can be used as part of your risk management strategy. For example, price alerts will tell you when there has been a certain percentage change, whilst technical indicator alerts notify you of any buy and sell points.
Some momentum trading platforms even allow you to set reminders about global events and central bank announcements directly from your economic calendar.
Signals
Trading signals trigger buy and sell suggestions when a pre-determined set of criteria has been met. These can vary from simple signals on earnings reports or volume changes to complex signals based on existing ones.
Signals can either be generated by another trader, or an automated forex robot, depending on the preference of the subscriber. You can get both free and paid momentum signals, but note that not all providers are reliable or robust.
In addition, be aware of any trading scams that claim ‘guaranteed’ success or unrealistic returns; these are especially targeted at beginners.
How Much Does Time Of Day Matter For Momentum Trades?
The time of day plays a significant role in short-term momentum trading, as market activity and volatility vary throughout the trading session.
To illustrate, let’s consider the US markets:
- Market Open (09:30 – 11:00 ET): This is one of the most volatile periods due to the influx of overnight news, earnings reports, and pre-market positioning. High volume and sharp price movements are ideal for momentum traders looking to capitalise on quick breakouts or reversals. Patterns like opening range breakouts and gap fills are common during this window.
- Midday Lull (11:00 – 13:30 ET): Trading activity often slows down as institutional traders take a break and market participants digest the morning’s moves. Lower volume can lead to choppier price action, making momentum strategies less effective. False breakouts and whipsaws are more likely during this quieter period.
- Afternoon Session (13:30 – 16:00 ET): Volatility typically picks up again as traders position themselves ahead of the close. This is another prime window for momentum strategies, especially when volume surges during the last hour (the ‘power hour’). Patterns like trend continuation or late-day breakouts are more likely to emerge.
Momentum strategies tend to be most effective at the open and in the final hours of trading, when volatility and volume are highest.
Is Momentum Trading Suitable For Beginners?
If we look at momentum trading vs scalping or day trading, the former is considered a more straightforward view of the markets. The aim is to take advantage of expected price changes and close positions when the trend loses strength.
Momentum trading allows you to follow market sentiment within liquid and popular markets. Herding strategies like this can create the potential for profits because you can use volatility to your advantage. You can also familiarise yourself with popular indicators and oscillators that can set you up for other strategies, including RSI, MAs and Stochastics.
However, momentum trading can be expensive, especially if you’re trading stocks with high turnover. If you compare this strategy vs trend-following or position trading, it can also be quite time-intensive for those who have busy lives outside of their trading platform.
It’s also worth noting that momentum trading focuses more on price action and technical analysis rather than long-term fundamentals, which might be a turn-off for some. Finally, since momentum trading works best in bull markets due to investor herding, this means that profit opportunities are reduced in bear markets, due to cautious investors.
Education
Different types of trading style and experience may require various forms of education, research tools and trading tips.
When trading with momentum strategies, much of your analysis will be based on quantitative data and price action rather than long-term economic developments. As such, we’ve provided a few ideas below that you could add to your technical learning checklist.
- YouTube video tutorials
- Online research papers
- Momentum trading podcasts
- Books (paper and digital PDFs)
- Broker or third-party blogs & newsletters
- Community group forum or trading chat room
- Momentum trading course or Forex Academy
Bottom Line
Now that we’ve explained a few potential strategies, popular indicators and useful trading tools, you should have a good idea of how to do momentum trading in the forex market. You may need to research which options would work best for you and look at online broker and trading platform reviews.
As with all strategies, momentum trading requires practice and dedication. Whether you’re a novice or an advanced trader, a demo account can help you to achieve your goals in your own time. Finally, always stick to your golden risk management rules to protect your capital.
FAQ
What Is A Momentum Trading Strategy?
A momentum strategy reacts to market information by buying when price trends are strong and selling when the assets appear to lose momentum. There are a variety of indicators needed for momentum trading, including moving averages and oscillators. You can also model your own strategy using custom bots or indicators if offered by your platform.
Does Momentum Trading Work?
Momentum trading is a herding strategy that aims to be ahead of the game by being the first to cash out and exit. This can work very well when markets are volatile and liquid but success is not always guaranteed. This is because the markets can change unexpectedly, causing investors to act more cautiously.
Is Momentum Trading Profitable?
Momentum trading can be profitable if you are experienced, patient and have robust risk management calculations in place. Nonetheless, just because you’re using risk management tools, it does not mean that you are immune to a losing streak. Risk tools help to minimise your losses but they are not bulletproof.
When Can I Trade With Momentum Strategies?
There are certain hours of the day where the market traded is more active. Whether you’re trading on the UK or Indian stock market, for example, the ideal trading hours will depend on the asset you are trading and the session times. Most brokers will post these trading hours and market holidays on their website.
Is Momentum Trading Legal?
Yes, momentum trading is legal. Restrictions to trading in general usually depend on your broker, so check with your jurisdiction and your provider’s domiciled location.