Crypto Regulations
Cryptocurrencies, also known as altcoins, provide digital means of exchange without any physical coins or bills. The crypto market has grown rapidly in popularity since Bitcoin’s inception in 2008. However, the more ubiquitous it becomes, the need for crypto regulations increases. We discuss the history of government action, the future of crypto regulations and more.
Crypto Brokers
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1
eToro USAInvest $100 and get $10https://www.daytrading.com/ is not an affiliate and may be compensated if you access certain products or services offered by the MSB and/or the BD.
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
$10$10SEC, FINRAStocks, Options, ETFs, CryptoeToro Trading Platform & CopyTraderACH Transfer, Debit Card, PayPal, Wire TransferUSD -
2
NinjaTrader
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
$00.01 Lots1:50NFA, CFTCForex, Stocks, Options, Commodities, Futures, CryptoNinjaTrader Desktop, Web & Mobile, eSignalACH Transfer, Debit Card, Wire TransferUSD -
3
OANDA USCFDs are not available to residents in the United States.
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
$00.01 Lots1:50NFA, CFTCForex, Crypto with Paxos (Cryptocurrencies are offered through Paxos. Paxos is a separate legal entity from OANDA)OANDA Trade, MT4, TradingView, AutoChartistWire Transfer, Visa, Mastercard, Debit Card, ACH TransferUSD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, JPY, CHF, HKD, SGD -
4
IGForex trading involves risk. Losses can exceed deposits.
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
$00.01 Lots1:30 (Retail), 1:250 (Pro)FCA, ASIC, NFA, CFTC, DFSA, BaFin, MAS, FSCA, FINMA, CONSOBCFDs, Forex, Stocks, Indices, Commodities, ETFs, Futures, Options, Crypto, Spread BettingWeb, ProRealTime, L2 Dealer, MT4, AutoChartist, TradingCentralPayPal, Wire Transfer, Mastercard, Credit Card, Visa, Debit CardUSD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, JPY, ZAR, SEK, DKK, CHF, HKD, SGD -
5
UpholdTerms Apply. Cryptoassets are highly volatile. Your capital is at risk.
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
$0$1CryptosDesktop Platform, Mobile AppWire Transfer, ACH Transfer, Bitcoin Payments, Debit Card, Credit Card, Mastercard, Visa, Ethereum PaymentsUSD, EUR, GBP -
6
IQCent20% to 200% Deposit Bonus
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
$250$0.011:500IFMRRCBinary Options, CFDs, Forex, Indices, Commodities, CryptoOnline Platform, TradingViewCredit Card, Debit Card, Wire Transfer, Bitcoin Payments, Ethereum Payments, Visa, MastercardUSD, EUR -
7
RedMars
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
€2500.01 Lots1:30 (Retail), 1:500 (Pro)CySECCFDs, Forex, Stocks, Indices, Commodities, CryptosMT5Credit Card, Wire Transfer, Debit Card, Sticpay, FasaPay, Bitcoin Payments, Trustly, PayPal, Skrill, Neteller, Klarna, Mastercard, VisaUSD, EUR -
8
NexoLoyalty scheme with various bonuses, plus referral program and bonus paid to lenders on credit line
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
$10$30CryptosNexo ProBitcoin Payments, Credit Card, Debit Card, Apple Pay, Google Wallet, Wire TransferUSD, EUR, GBP -
9
Interactive Brokers
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
$0$1001:50FCA, SEC, FINRA, CFTC, CBI, CIRO, SFC, MAS, MNB, FINMAStocks, Options, Futures, Forex, Funds, Bonds, ETFs, Mutual Funds, CFDs, CryptocurrenciesTrader Workstation (TWS), IBKR Desktop, GlobalTrader, Mobile, Client Portal, AlgoTrader, OmniTrader, eSignal, TradingCentralCheque, ACH Transfer, Wire Transfer, Automated Customer Account Transfer Service, TransferWise, Debit CardUSD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, INR, JPY, SEK, NOK, DKK, CHF, AED, HUF -
10
InstaTrade
Ratings/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5/ 5
$10.011:1000BVI FSCFISP, CFDs, Forex, Stocks, Indices, Commodities, Cryptos, FuturesInstaTrade Gear, MT4Visa, Mastercard, Wire Transfer, Credit Card, Debit Card, Bitcoin Payments, Ethereum PaymentsUSD, EUR, RUB
Here is a short overview of each broker's pros and cons
- eToro USA - eToro US offers 24 tradeable cryptoassets, with just a 1% buying/selling fee added to the spread. Additionally, there are 80 different coins available through the broker’s proprietary wallet service. You can also practice your crypto strategies easily by switching between live and demo mode. Crypto asset investing is highly volatile and unregulated. No consumer protection. Tax on profits may apply.
- NinjaTrader - You can get exposure to micro Bitcoin futures through the CME Group’s centralized exchange, which is highly regulated by the US CFTC. Micro contracts allow you to trade a fractional size of one Bitcoin, giving you more risk control and order flexibility.
- OANDA US - Cryptocurrency trading is offered via Paxos, a separate entity from Oanda. You can speculate on the world’s biggest cryptos by market cap. Commissions are lower than many peers starting at 0.25%. Through the broker’s partnership with Paxos, clients can spot trade cryptocurrencies on the itBit exchange through the OANDA native platform.
- IG - IG's modest selection of 11 crypto CFDs trails top crypto brokers like Vantage which offers 40+ tokens. That said, it stands out with its crypto index, which tracks the value of the top 10 digital currencies by market cap and provides a holistic way to speculate on the value of the crypto market.
- Uphold - You can buy and sell 250+ crypto assets with fiat currencies or in crypto pairs using the straightforward mobile app or through Uphold's browser-based account homepage. This is significantly more than many rivals. You can also earn up to 16% APY by staking one or more out of 32 valid tokens, or send tokens to an external wallet.
- IQCent - IQCent offers 17 crypto pairs through its proprietary terminal, including Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin. Leverage on crypto CFDs is capped at 1:10, whilst binary options payouts vary by token but remain competitive. OTC assets, for example, pay out up to 95%.
- RedMars - RedMars offers 13 crypto CFDs, including the popular BTC/USD, ETH/USD, and LTC/USD. However, there's no option to buy the underlying cryptocurrency. As a comparison, eToro allows the underlying purchase of 44 cryptocurrencies with copy trading on digital currencies also supported.
- Nexo - Nexo offers trading on an impressive suite of around 70 tokens, including Bitcoin. Digital assets can be bought, sold and swapped directly on the exchange or traded in over 500 pairs. Digital assets can also be used as collateral for fiat loans or used to generate passive income with the ‘smart staking’ tool or from interest earned via peer-to-peer loans.
- Interactive Brokers - IBKR lets you purchase and hold Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, and Litecoin at competitive commission rates and without needing a crypto wallet. Additionally, there is a range of other diverse assets to explore, such as crypto indices like the NYSE Bitcoin Index, as well as futures contracts like the BAKKT Bitcoin Futures.
- InstaTrade - InstaTrade offers a modest selection of around 12 cryptos against the USD, tradable via CFDs. Fees are low, especially for major assets like BTC/USD with spreads from 0. There's also a dedicated cryptocurrency blog with useful technical insights to support short-term trading decisions.
eToro USA
"eToro remains a top pick for traders looking for leading social investing and copy trading services. With a low deposit, zero commissions and an intuitive platform, the broker will meet the needs of newer day traders."
eToro USA Quick Facts
| Bonus Offer | Invest $100 and get $10 |
|---|---|
| Coins | BTC, ETH, BCH, DASH, LTC, ETC, MIOTA, XLM, EOS, NEO, ZEC, XTZ, MKR, COMP, LINK, UNI, YFI, DOGE, AAVE, ALGO, MANA, ENJ, BAT, MATIC, FLR, SHIBxM |
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Spread | BTC 0.75% |
| Crypto Lending | No |
| Crypto Staking | No |
| Platforms | eToro Trading Platform & CopyTrader |
| Minimum Deposit | $10 |
| Regulator | SEC, FINRA |
| Account Currencies | USD |
Pros
- eToro USA Securities is a trustworthy, SEC-regulated broker that is a member of FINRA and SIPC
- A free demo account means new users and prospective day traders can try the broker risk-free
- The broker's Academy offers comprehensive learning materials for beginners to advanced-level investors
Cons
- There's a narrower range of day trading instruments available compared to competitors, with only stocks, ETFs and cryptos
- Average fees may cut into the profit margins of day traders
- The proprietary terminal doesn't support trading bots and there are no additional stock market analysis tools
NinjaTrader
"NinjaTrader continues to meet the demands of active futures traders looking for low fees and premium analysis tools. The platform hosts top-rate charting features including hundreds of indicators and 10+ chart types."
Tobias Robinson, Reviewer
NinjaTrader Quick Facts
| Coins | BTC |
|---|---|
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Spread | Floating |
| Crypto Lending | No |
| Crypto Staking | No |
| Platforms | NinjaTrader Desktop, Web & Mobile, eSignal |
| Minimum Deposit | $0 |
| Regulator | NFA, CFTC |
| Account Currencies | USD |
Pros
- NinjaTrader is a widely respected and award-winning futures broker and is heavily authorized by the NFA and CFTC
- You can get thousands of add-ons and applications from developers in 150+ countries
- Traders can get free platform access and trade simulation capabilities in the unlimited demo
Cons
- The premium platform tools come with an extra charge
- There is a withdrawal fee on some funding methods
- Non forex and futures trading requires signing up with partner brokers
OANDA US
"OANDA remains an excellent broker for US day traders seeking a user-friendly platform with premium analysis tools and a straightforward joining process. OANDA is also heavily regulated with a very high trust score."
OANDA US Quick Facts
| Coins | BTC, ETH, LTC, BCH, PAXG, LINK, UNI, AAVE |
|---|---|
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Spread | $100 |
| Crypto Lending | No |
| Crypto Staking | No |
| Platforms | OANDA Trade, MT4, TradingView, AutoChartist |
| Minimum Deposit | $0 |
| Regulator | NFA, CFTC |
| Account Currencies | USD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, JPY, CHF, HKD, SGD |
Pros
- The broker's API facilitates access to 25 years of deep historical data and rates from 200+ currencies
- Beginners can get started easily with $0 minimum initial deposit
- The proprietary OANDA web platform continues to deliver a highly competitive charting environment, including 65+ technical indicators powered by TradingView
Cons
- The range of day trading markets is limited to forex and cryptos only
- There's only a small range of payment methods available, with no e-wallets supported
- It's a shame that customer support is not available on weekends
IG
"IG continues to provide a comprehensive package with an intuitive web platform and best-in-class education for beginners, plus advanced charting tools, real-time data, and fast execution speeds for experienced day traders."
Christian Harris, Reviewer
IG Quick Facts
| Coins | BTC, BCH, LTC, ETH, ADA, DOT, DOGE, LINK, UNI, XLM |
|---|---|
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Spread | Variable |
| Crypto Lending | No |
| Crypto Staking | No |
| Platforms | Web, ProRealTime, L2 Dealer, MT4, AutoChartist, TradingCentral |
| Minimum Deposit | $0 |
| Regulator | FCA, ASIC, NFA, CFTC, DFSA, BaFin, MAS, FSCA, FINMA, CONSOB |
| Account Currencies | USD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, JPY, ZAR, SEK, DKK, CHF, HKD, SGD |
Pros
- The IG app offers a superb mobile trading experience with a clean design that helped it secure Runner Up at our Best Trading App award
- IG is amongst the best in terms of its range of instruments, which includes stocks, forex, indices, commodities, and cryptocurrencies, providing ample diversification opportunities
- The ProRealTime advanced charting platform is free as long as certain modest monthly trading activity requirements are met
Cons
- Stock and CFD spreads still trail the cheapest brokers like CMC Markets based on tests
- Beginners might find IG’s fee structure complex, with various fees for different types of trades or services, potentially leading to confusion or unexpected charges
- While there is negative balance protection in the UK and EU, there is no account protection or guaranteed stop losses for US clients
Uphold
"Uphold remains a top choice for crypto investors looking for a one-stop-shop solution to accessing the markets. There are over 250 tokens to buy, sell and trade through flexible platform options."
Uphold Quick Facts
| Coins | BTC, BTCO, AAVE, ALCX, DYDX, INH, XYO, API3, GHST, LSK, AUDIO, GLMR, NMR, CAKE, GODS, REQ, CHR, TRB, DAO, ROOK, XRP, ETH, BAT, ADA, ALGO, ATOM, AVAX, AXS, BCH, BAL, BTG, CSPR, COMP, CRV, DASH, DCR, DGB, DOGE, DOT, EGLD and many more |
|---|---|
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Spread | Up to 1.5% |
| Crypto Lending | No |
| Crypto Staking | Yes |
| Platforms | Desktop Platform, Mobile App |
| Minimum Deposit | $0 |
| Account Currencies | USD, EUR, GBP |
Pros
- Crypto staking is available on 30+ tokens with above-average rates up to 16%
- Uphold continues to remain ahead of the industry, often being one of the first platforms to list new crypto tokens
- Fees are competitive based on tests, with 26 underlying platforms helping to source the best prices
Cons
- The charting analysis features on the platform trail specialist exchanges
- There is a 2.49% fee if you want to use debit or credit cards
- Customer service is slow based on tests, with limited contact options
IQCent
"IQCent will appeal to day traders looking for a straightforward binary options and CFD trading platform with low fees, a range of accounts, and copy trading. Getting started takes less than 1 minute and a $250 deposit. "
IQCent Quick Facts
| Bonus Offer | 20% to 200% Deposit Bonus |
|---|---|
| Coins | BTC, ETH, LTC, ETC, DOGE, MATIC, QNT, SOL, XRP, USDT, XMR, BNB |
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Spread | Variable |
| Crypto Lending | No |
| Crypto Staking | No |
| Platforms | Online Platform, TradingView |
| Minimum Deposit | $250 |
| Regulator | IFMRRC |
| Account Currencies | USD, EUR |
Pros
- CFD trading fees are competitive based on tests, including 0.7 pips on major forex pairs such as EUR/USD
- There's an accessible $0.01 minimum stake for new day traders with a small budget
- The broker's 24/7 customer support is fast and reliable, responding within 1 minute during tests
Cons
- The broker is not overseen by a respected regulator, though this is common among binary options firms
- There's no automated trading support for algo traders
- IQCent charges a punitive $10 monthly inactivity fee if you fail to place at least 1 trade per month
RedMars
"RedMars is the best fit for experienced day traders familiar with the MetaTrader 5 platform and based in the EU, where the broker is authorized by the CySEC. However, the threadbare education and research tools make it unsuitable for beginners."
RedMars Quick Facts
| Coins | BTC, ETH, LTC, XRP, XLM, DOT, ZEC, XMR, QTM, NEO, EOS, BCH, DSH |
|---|---|
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Spread | 65 |
| Crypto Lending | No |
| Crypto Staking | No |
| Platforms | MT5 |
| Minimum Deposit | €250 |
| Regulator | CySEC |
| Account Currencies | USD, EUR |
Pros
- Clients in the EU, in particular, can trade with peace of mind knowing RedMars is authorized by the CySEC with up to €20K compensation available through the ICF in the event of bankruptcy
- The broker supports a range of flexible payment methods, including wire transfers, credit cards, e-wallets, and notably cryptocurrencies
- Getting started on RedMars is incredibly easy - you can be up and running in just a few minutes based on tests
Cons
- RedMars falls short for newer traders, with little in the way of education, no beginner-friendly platform, a steep minimum deposit, and inadequate support during testing
- The no-frills trading environment offers little beyond the basics, with no Islamic account, PAMM account or copy trading.
- While RedMars' spreads are within industry averages, they don't offer a significant edge over the cheapest day trading brokers we've personally used, notably IC Markets
Nexo
"Nexo gives crypto traders the capability to trade, invest, lend and borrow digital assets in one place, and it’s especially good for its credit functions that pay out very high yields to lenders. However, its fees are relatively high and many day traders will prefer a more tightly regulated crypto broker."
Michael MacKenzie, Reviewer
Nexo Quick Facts
| Bonus Offer | Loyalty scheme with various bonuses, plus referral program and bonus paid to lenders on credit line |
|---|---|
| Coins | BTC, ETH, NEXO, USDT, USDC, AXS, RUNE, MATIC, DOT, APE, AVAX, KSM, ATOM, FTM, NEAR, BNB, ADA, SOL, XRP, LTC, LINK, BCH, TRX, XLM, EOS, PAXG, UNI, DOGE, MANA, SAND, GALA, SUSHI, AAVE, CRV, MKR, 1INCH, DAI, USDP, TUSD |
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Spread | N/A |
| Crypto Lending | Yes |
| Crypto Staking | Yes |
| Platforms | Nexo Pro |
| Minimum Deposit | $10 |
| Account Currencies | USD, EUR, GBP |
Pros
- Value-add tools integrated into the trading platform including social media analysis and newsfeeds by asset
- Reputable crypto exchange that has been in business since 2018 and has taken some steps toward regulation
- Nexo’s crypto staking and credit features support crypto lending and borrowing, and the yields lenders receive are among the best going
Cons
- Very few educational resources are available, reducing its appeal to beginners who can find more helpful resources at category leaders like eToro
- Although Nexo has registered with some reputable watchdogs, it is riskier to trade with than established crypto brokers like AvaTrade and Vantage
- The range of tokens is extensive compared to most crypto brokers but still much smaller than similar crypto exchanges like Kraken
Interactive Brokers
"Interactive Brokers is one of the best brokers for advanced day traders, providing powerful charting platforms, real-time data, and customizable layouts, notably through the new IBKR Desktop application. Its superb pricing and advanced order options also make it highly attractive for day traders, while its diverse range of equities is still among the best in the industry."
Interactive Brokers Quick Facts
| Coins | BTC, LTC, ETH, XRP |
|---|---|
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Spread | 0.12%-0.18% |
| Crypto Lending | No |
| Crypto Staking | No |
| Platforms | Trader Workstation (TWS), IBKR Desktop, GlobalTrader, Mobile, Client Portal, AlgoTrader, OmniTrader, eSignal, TradingCentral |
| Minimum Deposit | $0 |
| Regulator | FCA, SEC, FINRA, CFTC, CBI, CIRO, SFC, MAS, MNB, FINMA |
| Account Currencies | USD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, INR, JPY, SEK, NOK, DKK, CHF, AED, HUF |
Pros
- IBKR is one of the most respected and trusted brokerages and is regulated by top-tier authorities, so you can have confidence in the integrity and security of your trading account.
- While primarily geared towards experienced traders, IBKR has made moves to broaden its appeal in recent years, reducing its minimum deposit from $10,000 to $0.
- The TWS platform has clearly been built for intermediate and advanced traders and comes with over 100 order types and a reliable real-time market data feed that rarely goes offline.
Cons
- You can only have one active session per account, so you can’t have your desktop program and mobile app running simultaneously, making for a sometimes frustrating trading experience.
- IBKR provides a wide range of research tools, but their distribution across trading platforms and the web-based 'Account Management' page lacks consistency, leading to a confusing user experience.
- TWS’s learning curve is steep, and beginners may find it challenging to navigate the platform and understand all the features. Plus500's web platform is much better suited to new traders.
InstaTrade
"Although InstaTrade offers active trading on a comprehensive platform, it stands out with its fairly unique Fixed Income Structured Product (FISP), providing passive investment opportunities with up to 50% returns in 6 months if conditions are met. "
InstaTrade Quick Facts
| Coins | BTC, ETH, XRP, LTC, SOL, UNI, DOGE, BCH, FIL, ADA, DOT, LINK |
|---|---|
| Crypto Mining | No |
| Auto Market Maker | No |
| Crypto Lending | No |
| Crypto Staking | No |
| Platforms | InstaTrade Gear, MT4 |
| Minimum Deposit | $1 |
| Regulator | BVI FSC |
| Account Currencies | USD, EUR, RUB |
Pros
- InstaTrade claims to "guarantee" returns through the structured element of its passive trading solution (FISP), with applications approved within 24 hours.
- InstaTrade TV, consisting of video interviews and valuable market insights spanning equities, cryptos and more, helps identify opportunities and inform short-term trades.
- InstaTrade delivers an excellent suite of charting tools for day traders with its web trader comprising 250+ indicators, 11 chart types and a user-friendly design.
Cons
- Marketing of the FISP, especially phrasing around the “guarantee of profitability” and the “elimination of risks of trading on financial markets” raises concerns.
- InstaTrade sports one of the most cluttered websites and client cabinets in the industry, potentially overwhelming new traders, especially compared to XTB’s intuitive trading journey and resources.
- InstaTrade is registered in the offshore jurisdiction of the British Virgin Islands, resulting in limited regulatory safeguards for retail investors.
History Of Cryptos
The technical foundations of cryptocurrency were pioneered by an American cryptographer named David Chaum in 1983. He invented a cryptographic system that has a blinding algorithm, which is still used in modern web-based encryption. This algorithm provided secure exchanges and confidential transactions amongst parties, which was known as ‘blinded money’.
However, the term ‘cryptocurrency’ was first coined by Wei Dai in 1998 who published a white paper on b-money. In that year, the software engineer formulated a payment method based on a cryptographic system that had characteristics of decentralisation, but it was never fully developed.
In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto, a pseudonymous person or secret identity, published a paper called ‘Bitcoin – A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System’. Nakamoto’s motive to create Bitcoin was in response to the financial crisis of 2008. In 2009, Nakamoto made the Bitcoin software public and a group of enthusiasts began exchanging and mining Bitcoin.
In 2010, Bitcoin was valued for the first time when someone decided to sell theirs by swapping 10,000 Bitcoin for two pizzas. Around the same time, dozens of similar cryptocurrencies began to appear with Litecoin and Ethereum gaining popularity by 2016. The number of establishments where Bitcoin could be used started to gradually increase in 2017, with the likes of Tesla now indicating that they will accept Bitcoin payments for its cars.
Blockchain technology continues to disrupt the fintech industry, bringing with it both trading opportunities while also capturing the attention of regulators.
Crypto Regulations
Government policies and crypto regulations vary by country as authorities aren’t globally coordinated on the matter. In the US, for example, cryptocurrencies are not insured by the government like bank deposits are. Cryptocurrencies stored online won’t have the same legal protections as the money in your bank account. If a digital wallet company goes out of business, the government is unlikely to step in.
New crypto regulations are continuously being updated so it’s important to stay abreast of trading exchange requirements, along with rules around crypto mining, lending, custody and taxes. And while there aren’t many blanket prohibitions or bans on crypto trading, governments always issue caution when investing due to market volatility.
Crypto Regulations In the UK
The UK’s cryptocurrency regulations allow users to buy and sell altcoins though they are not considered legal tender. However, as of January 6th 2021, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) banned the sale of retail crypto derivatives and ETNs. The motive behind the ban comes from the risky nature of the industry, which puts consumers in danger from scams and market instability.
Note, UK residents can still participate in cryptocurrency exchanges as the ban is focused on retail trading products. The direct purchase of established cryptocurrencies is still permitted.
Crypto Regulations In the US
US crypto regulations are more complicated due to the inconsistent approaches taken across the country. This is because laws vary by state, while others still have pending legislation.
Cryptocurrencies are not considered legal tender and are not backed by the US government or the central bank. Crypto exchange regulations in the US are in uncertain legal territory. With that said, one of the United States’ major regulatory bodies, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), stated that it considers cryptocurrencies to be securities, with the intention to apply securities laws for digital wallets and exchanges.
On the other hand, the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), describes Bitcoin as a commodity and allows for cryptocurrency derivatives to be traded publicly. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) has proposed a series of new regulations for financial institutions that deal with digital currencies. However, these have been delayed.
It’s worth checking the rules in your own state before you open an account and start trading. Also, more new USA crypto regulations are coming, so make sure to keep up with the news.
Crypto Regulations In Europe
The European Commission recognised the need for legal certainty on blockchain-based applications. In February 2021, The European Central Bank (ECB) issued an opinion on the MiCA proposal published by the EU Commission in September of the previous year.
The proposed MiCA regulation aims to set out a comprehensive regulatory and supervisory regime for crypto-assets in the EU while supporting innovation. The proposed regulation also covers both firms that issue crypto-assets and those that provide services such as digital wallets and cryptocurrency exchanges i.e. Crypto.com.
The ECB has generally supported the proposal’s objectives with some concerns on e-money and stablecoins. The concern stems from stablecoins presenting a potential threat to the conduct of monetary policies and smooth operation of payment systems, which fall under the competence of the ECB. For now, it is hard to know when MiCA regulations will be enforced. However, based on estimations from EU regulators and previous EU regulations, this might be enforced over the next two to four years.
On a national level, Germany is preparing a comprehensive national blockchain strategy, which will support the development of European and international regulations for cryptocurrencies. But currently, retail crypto trading is allowed at most EU-regulated brokers.
Crypto Regulations In The Netherlands, Switzerland & Estonia
In the Netherlands, cryptocurrencies aren’t accepted as digital money but are regarded as property. However, the country is striving to regulate them. In contrast, Switzerland accepts crypto exchanges and is regulated by SFTA and FINMA, with the need to obtain a license. Cryptocurrencies as payment are also legal in Swiss stores in certain contexts while retail trading is allowed.
Estonia also holds a similarly progressive stance, where crypto exchanges are legal with approved registration but are not yet considered legal tender. Estonia has planned future regulatory changes i.e. customer identification obligations, payments services and record keeping.
Crypto Regulations In Asia
Asia is the financial hub where most of the world’s crypto trading takes place. Japan has the most progressive regulation, recognising Bitcoin and other digital currencies as legal property. Crypto exchange regulations are also legal with the requirement to register with the FSA.
Singapore’s tax authorities treat Bitcoin as goods, thus, Goods and Services Tax is applied. The surge of Bitcoin in 2017 prompted Malaysia’s Securities Commission to regulate the market by enforcing the Capital Markets and Services Order in 2019.
Crypto is not considered legal tender in India, while exchanges are effectively legal due to the lack of robust regulatory frameworks. Hong Kong considers crypto as virtual commodities, which fall under ‘securities’ that are subject to the SFC’s regulation.
Other Global Views
Other countries take a more conservative view of crypto regulations. In Russia, the law prohibits crypto exchanges, with the Ruble remaining the only legal form of tender. In China, crypto exchanges are illegal and cryptocurrencies are not considered legal tender. In recent years, the Chinese government drafted a law that bestowed legal status on the People’s Bank of China’s digital Yuan.
When it comes to cryptocurrencies in Dubai, the UAE does not recognise Bitcoin as a legal form of tender. However, exchanging digital currencies is allowed, with many UAE-based brokers offering crypto trading. Interestingly, Abu Dhabi’s ADGM was the first to introduce a regulatory framework for virtual assets.
In Canada, digital currencies are not considered legal tender but can be used as payment to buy goods online or in stores that accept them. Canada’s central bank characterises it as securities and Canadian laws have applied tax to crypto transactions since 2013. Exchanges in Canada are regulated as well.
Australia treats cryptocurrencies as legal, classed as property in 2017. Crypto exchanges are also legal, with the requirement to register with AUSTRAC. Retail crypto trading is permitted.
The Future of Crypto Regulations
Cryptocurrency regulations are constantly changing as their popularity grows. While some governments like Japan and Australia have taken a progressive stance on cryptocurrencies, some countries are still concerned with the characteristics of blockchain technology and restrict retail trading, such as in the UK.
The main concerns come from a security perspective, with data protection, money laundering, tax evasion and other financial crimes flagged as issues. Also a perceived problem is their volatile nature, with crypto regulations often attempting to shield individuals from the dangers.
Nonetheless, it looks like cryptocurrencies are here to stay with global regulations likely to try and bring order to a mostly unregulated market. How crypto regulations grapple with the decentralised foundation of blockchain technology will be interesting to follow.
Final Word
Cryptocurrency regulations around the world vary, with retail traders facing different restrictions depending on their location. Many crypto regulations and policies are still a work in progress due to the myriad of considerations. As a result, it’s key that traders keep up to date with the latest rules and requirements in their country.